10The 4096.7-kilometre-long border between India and Bangladesh is the longest land border India shares with one of its neighbours. Despite efforts over the past four decades, since the secession of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in 1971, to demarcate the entire Indo-Bangladesh border, 6.5 kilometres remain controversial. In June 2015, the governments of the two countries exchanged ratification instruments for the entry into force of the 1974 Land Borders Agreement, which was unanimously adopted by the Indian Parliament on 7 May 2015, marking a culmination in the history of India-Bangladesh relations. The main themes discussed were the blurred demarcation of the border and the arbitrary division of the country, which led Bangladesh to be surrounded by India on three sides (east, north and west). The border enclaves resulting from this division were a considerable obstacle to the strengthening of bilateral relations and a long-standing cause of escalating tensions between the two neighbours, until the problem of these enclaves was resolved in 2015.3 More importantly, the artificial demarcation of the border is the traditional life of local people, who have been cut off from their loved ones. 1992, 1994, 1992 , traditional markets, agricultural land, medical facilities, etc. The Prime Ministers of India and Bangladesh signed the land border agreement in 1974 to exchange enclaves and simplify their international border. A revised version of the agreement was adopted by both countries on May 7, 2015, when the Indian Parliament passed the 100th Amendment to the Indian Constitution. [7] Under this agreement, ratified on 6 June 2015, India received 51 enclaves from Bangladesh (with an area of 2,880 ha) in mainland India, while Bangladesh received 111 Indian enclaves (with an area of 6,940 ha) on the Indian continent.

[9] The inhabitants of the enclave were allowed to either live in their present place or settle in the country of their choice. [10] The replacement of the enclaves is expected to take place in stages between 31 July 2015 and 30 June 2016. [11] The enclaves were replaced at midnight on 31 July 2015 and the transfer of the inhabitants of the enclave was completed on 30 November 2015. [12] Under the border agreement, India lost about 40 square kilometres in Bangladesh. [13] [14] The Land Boundary Agreement was signed on 16 May 1974 between Indira Gandhi and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, which provided for the exchange of enclaves and the surrender of unfavourable goods. [17] As part of the agreement, India retained the Union of Bérubari No.